History of Jaka Tingkir Taken from a True Story
Mas Karebet or commonly known as Jaka Tingkir is the son of Ki Ageng Pengging. In historical records, Jaka Tingkir is known as the founder of the Pajang Kingdom located in Kartasura and had the title Sultan Hadiwijaya. So what is Jaka Tingkir like?
The following is an explanation of the figure of Jaka Tingkir and the surroundings of the Pajang Kingdom, quoted from the SMPN 13 Semarang and Sampoerna Academy websites on their official pages and journals.
Contesting Majapahit and Demak Revelations: Rereading the Traces of the Pajang Sultanate by Bambang Purwanto (2017).
History of the Pajang Kingdom
The Pajang Kingdom is an Islamic Kingdom founded by Sultan Hadiwijaya in 1568 AD. This kingdom was founded after the collapse of the Demak Kingdom.
It is estimated that the Pajang Kingdom was located in the Kartasura region which is an inland area in Java. The area of government or power of the Pajang Kingdom is relatively small, covering the Central Java region.
The following are the kings who once ruled and led the Pajang Kingdom.
1. Jaka Tingkir (1568-1583)
Jaka Tingkir was the founder and first king of the Pajang Kingdom. He is thought to have ruled the Pajang Kingdom for 15 years from 1568-1583.
2. Arya Pangiri (1583-1586)
Arya Pangiri was the second king of the Pajang Kingdom with the title Sultan Ngawantipura. He came from Demak and became king after Jaka Tingkir died.
3. Prince Benawa (1586-1587)
Prince Benawa is the son of Jaka Tingkir. He ruled the Pajang Kingdom for a year from 1586-1587. During his time as king of the Pajang Kingdom, Prince Benawa had the title Sultan Prabuwijaya.
History of Jaka Tingkir
Quoted from the official website of SMAN 13 Semarang, Thursday (25/5/2023), Mas Karebet is the son of Ki Ageng Pengging. Because Ki Ageng Pengging died and was killed by Sunan Kudus, Jaka Tingkir was finally adopted as a son by Nyi Ageng Tingkir. After that, Mas Karebet was better known as Jaka Tingkir and decided to serve the Demak Sultanate.
According to history, the Demak Sultanate experienced decline due to attacks and rebellions carried out by Arya Penangsang, then with help from Jaka Tingkir, the rebellion was finally crushed and Arya Penangsang was killed. In this way, Jaka Tingkir became the heir to the Demak Sultanate and moved the center of the Demak capital to the Pajang area which is located on the southern side of the Surakarta area.
After that, Jaka Tingkir was inaugurated as the first king of the Pajang Kingdom who served for 15 years from 15668-1583 with the title Sultan Hadiwijaya. Apart from that, during his reign the Pajang Kingdom managed to reach the peak of glory.
This was marked by the expansion of the Pajang Kingdom's territory to the Blora, Madiun, Kediri areas. The Pajang Kingdom was also a kingdom that thrived in the agricultural sector and became the main rice granary in the Java region.
Jaka Tingkir died in 1583 after a major war occurred between Pajang and Mataram. After returning from the war, Jaka Tingkir fell ill and died. The Pajang Kingdom experienced decline and collapse after his departure. This happened because of a power struggle between Jaka Tingkir's son, Prince Benawa, and Arya Pangiri's son-in-law.
Historical Sources of the Pajang Kingdom
When compared with other Islamic Kingdoms that grew and existed in Indonesia. The Pajang Kingdom is the Islamic Kingdom that has the least historical sources. Even though it is not as numerous as other Islamic Kingdoms, the Pajang Kingdom still has a number of written historical evidence.
The following is a written historical source that is a reference regarding the existence of the Pajang Kingdom, quoted from the journal 'Contesting the Revelations of Majapahit and Demak: Rereading the Traces of the Pajang Sultanate' by Bambang Purwanto (2017).
1. Nitisruti Fiber
Nitisruti fiber is often associated with the existence of the Pajang Kingdom. This manuscript is more or less influenced by the Ramayana and Koja-colonial lines. In this way, the Serat Nitisruti manuscript contains many mystical elements. However, the existence of this fiber is currently still debated, especially with regard to who changed it and when the change was made.
2. Babad Tanah Jawi
The Tanah Jawi Chronicle is the main source for reconstructing the existence of the Pajang Kingdom in Javanese history. However, again, other sources containing archaeological and archival data stating the existence of the Pajang Kingdom are very minimal.
3. Negarakertagama Book
The Negarakertagama Book is a travel record of King Hayam Wuruk and the book states that Pajang was one of the locations visited by King Hayam Wuruk in 1275-1279.
Heritage of the Pajang Kingdom
Even though the reign of the Pajang Kingdom did not last long, the Pajang Kingdom has a number of relics that can now be seen and visited. The following is the legacy of the Pajang Kingdom, quoted from Sampoerna Academy on its official website.
1. Laweyan Market
2. Jaka Tingkir's grave
3. Pajang officials' grave complex
4. Laweyan Mosque
5. Bandar Kabanaran
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